Free sample: 2 of 45
Answer each one before you open the explanation. On the exam there's no explanation, and you have about 77 seconds a question on RC and BT, 90 on TO and BI.
Line A carries 420 MW and line B 360 MW. Contingency analysis studies the loss of line B, for which the line-outage distribution factor onto line A is 0.35. What flow does the study put on line A?
- A. 546 MW
- B. 780 MW
- C. 294 MW
- D. 126 MW
Show the answer
Answer A 546 MW
A line-outage distribution factor is the share of the outaged line's pre-Contingency flow that redistributes onto the monitored line, so line A picks up 0.35 x 360 = 126 MW on top of the 420 MW it already carries, giving 546 MW. Adding all 360 MW of line B's flow gives 780 MW and assumes line A is the only remaining path.
Reference: Power system fundamentals; Control-room operating practice
A Reliability Coordinator's Real-time Assessment shows a condition that could lead to a System Operating Limit exceedance, though it might not. What does IRO-008-3 require?
- A. Notify the impacted entities once the exceedance is confirmed
- B. Notify the impacted entities now, in accordance with its SOL methodology
- C. Notify only the Transmission Operator that owns the limiting Facility
- D. Notify no one until its next Real-time Assessment repeats the result
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Answer B Notify the impacted entities now, in accordance with its SOL methodology
IRO-008-3 R5 is triggered by an actual or expected condition that results in, or could result in, a SOL or IROL exceedance, so the notice goes out on the "could". It reaches the impacted Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities in the Area and other impacted Reliability Coordinators named in the Operating Plan, in accordance with the SOL methodology.
Reference: IRO-008-3 R5
