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5.e · Contingency Analysis and Reliability · free sample

Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (IROL)

5.e Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (IROL) is one of the 31 knowledge areas in the NERC System Operator Certification content outlines. It is worth 5 scored questions on RC, 4 on BT, 4 on TO and 3 on BI. On RC that is the most any single area carries. Grid Prep has 45 questions on it. In the bank, they most often cite FAC-011-4, IRO-008-3 and IRO-009-2. Two are free below.

Free sample: 2 of 45

Answer each one before you open the explanation. On the exam there's no explanation, and you have about 77 seconds a question on RC and BT, 90 on TO and BI.

Question 1 · Recall

Under IRO-014-3, at what point must a Reliability Coordinator notify other impacted Reliability Coordinators of an Emergency?

  1. A. Upon identifying an expected or actual Emergency in its Area
  2. B. Once Load shedding has begun somewhere in its Area
  3. C. After its Transmission Operators have exhausted their own procedures
  4. D. When its Regional Entity confirms that an Emergency exists
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Answer A Upon identifying an expected or actual Emergency in its Area

IRO-014-3 R3 is triggered on identification of an expected or an actual Emergency in the Reliability Coordinator Area, so the notification does not wait for Load shedding, for the Transmission Operators to run out of options, or for anyone else's confirmation. Covering the expected case is what makes the requirement useful ahead of an IROL problem.

Reference: IRO-014-3 R3

Question 2 · Recall

FAC-011-4 requires a Reliability Coordinator's System Operating Limit (SOL) methodology to address IROLs in which way?

  1. A. It lists each IROL in the Reliability Coordinator Area by Facility name and value
  2. B. It describes how SOLs qualifying as IROLs are identified, and their Tv criteria
  3. C. It caps the number of IROLs that may be declared in any operating day
  4. D. It states how often each IROL is recalculated during the operating day
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Answer B It describes how SOLs qualifying as IROLs are identified, and their Tv criteria

FAC-011-4 R8 requires the SOL methodology to include a description of how to identify the subset of SOLs that qualify as IROLs, together with criteria for determining when exceeding a SOL qualifies as exceeding an IROL and criteria for developing any associated IROL Tv. The methodology sets out the method; it is not a running list of limit values.

Reference: FAC-011-4 R8

The full bank

The other 43 IROL questions

Full Access opens all 45 in this area as 12-question sets, least-seen first, plus the rest of the 1,224 and unlimited mock exams at exam pace. The Library card for 5.e holds the area's seven must-know numbers. To start free in the browser: 50 practice answers and a 30-question timed taster, split to your exam's weighting.

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